The effect of climate on the physical properties of the soil of the shoulders of the Al-Razzaza lake

Abstract

The soil in the study area differs in its physical and chemical properties depending on the variation of its general characteristics and affecting its composition, and since there are five main factors that affect the formation of soil: climate, parent material, time, living organisms and topography, so the climate factor is one of the important factors in the variation and formation of soil properties as a result of the prevalence of dry climate , as it is located within its rainy composition (96) mm, and the vegetation cover decreased and the activity of various desert erosion factors was a consequence of the climatic conditions and the accompanying high temperatures and intense evaporation, in addition to the hydrology of the study area, which is represented in the high groundwater and the decrease in water discharge, which had a significant impact on the spread of The salinity of the soil, the soil became loose, as the soil textures of the shoulders of the Razaza Lake depression ranged during the summer season between silt sandy texture in sample (1), where the percentage of sand particles reached (89%), clay (4%) and silt (7%), while it was Soil texture during the summer, and there was a slight change in the percentage of soil particles in sample (12), which was about 19.2% sand, 58.8% clay, and 22% green. As for the real density of the soil in the study area, it ranged between (2.61) g/cm3 in sample (1) as a minimum during the winter season, and up to (2.678) g/cm3 as a maximum in sample (12) during the summer, and the porosity of the soil of the shoulders of the Razaza Lake ranged between its lowest during the summer season. In winter, its values reached (39.464%) as a minimum in sample (1), while during the summer the porosity values increase to reach (50.299%) as a maximum (12), while the results of measuring the temperature of the shoulders of the soil of the lowlands of Al-Razzaza Lake at a depth of (30) showed ) cm The seasonal rates for it ranged between (11.1) m̊ as a minimum during the winter season in sample (1) and up to (32.07) m̊ as a maximum in a sample (12) during the summer, as these values increase in the northern and northwestern parts West and southwest in Lake Razzaza.