Review Article: Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

The first record of cancer dates back to Ancient Egypt in 3000 BC, and it has been studied throughout history as an ancient illness. Oncology is the study of cancer, and during the past few decades, significant progress has been made in this area. Despite these initiatives, cancer still claims the lives of almost 10 million people annually. Since cancer is caused by a series of faults in one's own cells, finding a cure for it involves figuring out how to get rid of the malignant cells without harming one's own body. The diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer are the most challenging of all gynecological cancers. Due to its nearly symptomless early phases, this type of gynecological cancer is either discovered by chance for example, during a diagnostic laparoscopy or is detected at an advanced stage when symptoms start to manifest. Our capacity to detect and successfully treat this illness at a period when it is still curable is restricted by an insufficient understanding of early molecular events in ovarian carcinogenesis. Due to the aforementioned factors, ovarian cancer has acquired the moniker in the United States of America (The Silent Killer). This phenomenon results from the exceedingly limited early diagnostic resources (biomarkers) that we currently have. Given its high mortality rate, gynecological oncology research is heavily focused in this area. To promote growth, cells with mutant genotypes are chosen and then gradually altered, which might result in the growth of tumors. Spontaneous mutations are uncommon during each cell generation because to the rigorous mechanism for the detection of DNA errors and repair, and multiple mutations are required to orchestrate tumor formation. Once it has begun, the mutational accumulation is sped up by increased susceptibility to mutagenic agents, a breakdown of some aspect of the mutagenic repair system, or a combination of both. The Wnt/β-catenin canonical signaling pathway plays a role in cancer, wound healing, and developmental processes. However, research on the role of Wnt/canonical signaling in the development of ovarian cancer has just lately started to surface. Hence, the present focused on the most genes participated in ovarian cancer and the signaling pathway of the most important gene, Wnt/β-catenin