Effectiveness of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Fruit Ethanol Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases in which the management of diabetes mellitus requires multidisciplinary treatment that includes non-drug and drug therapy and is carried out continuously. Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is a plant used in traditional medicine because it contains various bioactive compounds that have been studied for their potential antidiabetic effects. This study aims to determine blood glucose levels, ovarian histopathology, and hematological profile of rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan after being given ethanol extract of mahkota dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) and Metformin. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions, namely negative control without being induced by alloxan (K0), positive control only induced by alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kgBB (K1), induced by alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kgBB and treated using ethanol extract of mahkota dewa fruit (P1), and induced by alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kgBB and treated by Metformin (P2). Treatment with ethanol extract and Metformin was done orally using a round. The treatment was done twice a day for 10 days.  The data obtained were analyzed with One Way ANOVA and continued with Post Hoc test Duncan test. The treatment of ethanol extract of mahkota dewa fruit can significantly reduce blood glucose levels, improve hematological profiles such as the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin levels and improvements in ovarian histopathology that experience follicular atresia, pycnosis, cariorexis, cariolysis, and increase the number of antral and preantral follicles.